AGPS (Assisted GPS) is the GPS type used in mobile phones, where the network operator's servers are used to reduce time required for first positioning. The service must be offered by the operator, otherwise the GPS system will work, but first satellite connection will take much longer.

Application - basic software element used to offer the users specific functionality. A software subcategory.

Free standard described in IEEE 802.15.1 specification. Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communication technology between various electronic devices, such as keyboards, computers, laptops, palmtops, mobile phones and many more. The specification informs about approx. 10 m range, but in practice in open terrain the range may increase up to 200 m. Bluetooth uses radio waves with ISM 2,4 GHz waveband.

Copyright (© symbol) - legal term that refers to (1) all rights of the author of original creation or to (2) regulations that authorize the author to decide about use of the creation and benefits.

Data transmission - process of sending any message or data between the sender (transmitter) and the receiver using a certain method recognizable by both units (coding) and a specified route (transmission medium).

EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) is a technology used in GSM networks for data transfer. EDGE is an enhancement to the GPRS technology (EDGE is sometimes called EGPRS - Enhanced GPRS) with better radio interface that enables tripled transfers (theoretically up to 236.8 kbit/s in most existing systems) and a possibility of dynamic packet sending speed, depending on transmission conditions.

EULA is an abbreviation of End User License Agreement, which defines terms of granting license to the final software user.

Firmware is the internal device software that enables basic operation procedures of the device.

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) - technology used in GPS networks for packet data transfer. The offered transfer speed of 30-80 kb/s enables the Internet use or audio/video stream transmission. Another benefit of GPRS technology is that the user pays for number of received/sent data bytes, not for time of active connection. GPRS is often called 2.5 G technology, as it is an element of GSM development (second-generation cellular telephony) to the 3G standard network.

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GPS-NAVSTAR (Global Positioning System - NAVigation Signal Timing And Ranging) - global satellite navigation system based on measurement of time the radio signal requires to go from satellites to the receiver. Knowing the electromagnetic wave speed it is possible to calculate the distance between satellites and the receiver. When satellite positioning is stored in the receiver memory, the microprocessor is able to calculate the coordinates (longitude, latitude and ellipsoidal height) in WGS-84 system along with actual GPS time with one million of a second accuracy. The GPS system is maintained and managed by US Department of Defense and accessible to everyone - only a GPS receiver is required. GPS receivers are manufactured by independent commercial companies.

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GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications, before: Groupe Spécial Mobile) is today's most popular cellular telephony standard. GSM based networks offer services connected with voice transmission, data transmission (Internet access) and text and multimedia messages.

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J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition) - specification developed by Sun Microsystems with documentation of simplified Java 2 platform. J2ME platform has been designed for use in limited-resource devices, such as mobile phones or palmtops. Because of technical limitations of such devices, i.e. slower CPUs and less memory, J2ME has its own class libraries compared to J2SE, called the configuration. Configurations are complemented by profiles that add own classes to existing ones, which enables particular tasks on various devices. Profiles can be complemented by Optional Packages. Such API (Application Programming Interface) diversity provides designers and programmers with great flexibility of creation of software for devices with various hardware configurations.

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Java is an object-based programming language. Application written in Java can be run on various devices, such as mobile phones or computers with various operating systems with the use of Java Virtual Machine that must be installed in particular system.

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Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is a platform-dependent launching system for applications. By default it is used for applications written in Java, but may also be used as launching environment for other languages, ex. Jython is a Python implementation for JVM. Applications written for Java Virtual Machine are platform-independent, as they are launched directly in JVM (after conversion to the indirect code by means of a compiler such as javac for Java applications or on-the-fly for Python), not in the original environment. Such applications can be launched on any computer and operating system that supports JVM. Moreover, the applications can be launched by classic compilation of the source code to the machine code. An example of a compiler is GCJ from GCC pack.

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Kilobit (kb or kbit) is a unit of information. During transmissions control bits are often used and in result 1 byte requires more than 8 bits. Typically every 8 bits of data have 2 control bits, which gives 10 bits per each byte of data sent. Kilobits are commonly used to define capacity and data transmission speed expressed in kilobits per second (kb/s, kbit/s or kbps).

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Kilobyte (KB, Kbyte, kbyte) - is a unit of information used to compute data or memory.

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Photoradar is a vehicle speed measuring system. Photoradars are battery-operated or installed in casings on special poles, in which case the energy is provided by municipal network. The photoradar takes pictures of vehicles that exceed certain speed at the measurement point. Depending on installation method, photoradars can measure speed of incoming vehicles or vehicles that move away from the device lens. Pictures are recorded on an electronic media or film.

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POI (Point of Interest). POIs in NaviExpert are sorted in many categories, such as banks, restaurants, hotels, bars, gas stations, etc.

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Premium SMS is a micropayment service offered by mobile network operators. Sending an SMS to a special 4- or 5-digit number the subscriber is charged with an amount depending on the number.

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International roaming - cellular telephony system that is activated when the subscriber is not in the country of their mobile network operator.

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S60; Series 60 is a Nokia software platform designed for smartphones. S60 includes a User Interface and software for basic phone functions as well as advanced applications. S60 makes it possible to use the preinstalled Internet browser, photo camera, multimedia player, message sending and receiving application, photo gallery and other functions. S60 also enables installation of new application written in Java™ and Symbian.

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S80; Series 80 (Communicator) - type of Symbian multitasking operation system for mobile phones. There are two generations of S80 series devices. Models compatible with both groups have a 640x200px display with 4096 colors (S80/1) or 65536 colors (S80/2). New series are not fully down-compatible - some 9210 applications work on 9500, some do not.

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S90; Series 90 - user interface for Symbian operating system used in mobile phones. S90-equipped mobile phones have a 640x320px touch screen. Series 90 interface is also compatible with Series 80 used in Communicator-class phones. It is no longer developed, but Nseries Internet Tablets show the operating system similarity to Series 90 interface.

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Satellite navigation - type of radio navigation that uses radio waves from artificial satellites to designate position of points and mobile receivers along with their movement parameters at any point on Earth's surface. The most popular satellite navigation system is GPS (Global Positioning System).

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Server is a software program that provides services for other programs, often installed on other computers connected to a network. The term "Server" is often used to describe a computer that shares resources with other computers or operates between computers that transfer data. The term "Server" can also describe software systems that participate in resource sharing process. Examples of shared resources: files, databases, Internet connections, also peripherals such as printers and scanners.

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Software - overall information in form of instructions, implemented interfaces and integrated data that computers use to perform their tasks. The software purpose is to process data in range defined by its creator. Software is a synonym of computer program and application, but more often refers to larger programs or packs of programs. Software is the division of computer science.

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Symbian is the name of an operating system, including libraries, user interface solutions and specifications for software tools, created by Symbian consortium that provides membership to largest mobile phone manufacturers (Nokia, Samsung, Motorola, Siemens, Sony Ericsson).

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Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) - third-generation cellular telephony system, successor of 2G systems such as GSM. The new radio interface enhanced data transfer between the subscriber and the network, which positively affected the quality of offered services.

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WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) - library of open, international standards that define wireless application protocol. The protocol is developed by WAP Forum organization that is a part of Open Mobile Alliance (OMA). Version 1.0 of the protocol was presented in 1998, version 1.1 in 1999, and version 2.0 in 2001. WAP has been created to provide access to WWW services, considering technical limitations of mobile devices (PDAs, mobile phones) that use the protocol and transfer limitations (can be realized by CSD or GPRS connections).

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